03-07-06

Litteratur for studiet om D-vitamin

1.1.1 Holick MF. The cutaneous photosynthesis of previtamin D3: a unique photoendocrine system. J Invest Dermatol 1981 Jul;77(1):51-8.

1.1.2 Holick MF. Photosynthesis of vitamin D in the skin: effect of environmental and life-style variables. Fed Proc 1987 Apr;46(5):1876-82.

1.1.3 Webb AR, DeCosta BR, Holick MF. Sunlight regulates the cutaneous production of vitamin D3 by causing its photodegradation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989 May;68 (5):882.

1.1.4 Schwartz GG, Whitlatch LW, Chen TC, Lokeshwar BL, Holick MF. Human prostate cells synthesize 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998 May;7(5):391-5.

1.1.5 Webb AR, DeCosta BR, Holick MF. Sunlight regulates the cutaneous production of vitamin D3 by causing its photodegradation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989 May;68 (5):882.

1.3 Webb AR, Pilbeam C, Hanafin N, Holick MF. An evaluation of the relative contributions of exposure to sunlight and of diet to the circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in an elderly nursing home population in Boston. Am J Clin Nutr 1990 Jun;51(6):1075-81.

1.4.1 Webb AR, Kline L, Holick MF. Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988 Aug;67(2):373-8.

1.4.2 Brot C, Vestergaard P, Kolthoff N, Gram J, Hermann AP, Sørensen OH. Vitamin D status and its adequacy in healthy Danish perimenopausal women: relationships to dietary intake, sun exposure and serum parathyroid hormone. Br J Nutr 2001 Aug;86 Suppl 1:S97-103.

1.4.3 Matsuoka LY, Ide L, Wortsman J, MacLaughlin JA, Holick MF. Sunscreens suppress cutaneous vitamin D3 synthesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987 Jun;64(6):1165-8.

1.5.1 Brot C, Vestergaard P, Kolthoff N, Gram J, Hermann AP, Sørensen OH. Vitamin D status and its adequacy in healthy Danish perimenopausal women: relationships to dietary intake, sun exposure and serum parathyroid hormone. Br J Nutr 2001 Aug;86 Suppl 1:S97-103.

2.1 Nisbet JA. Eastwood JB. Colston KW et al. Detection of osteomalacia in British Asiens: a comparison of clinical score with biochemical measurments. Clin Sci Colch 1990; 78: 383-89.

2.2.1 Stumpf WE, Sar M, Reid FA, Tanaka Y, DeLuca HF. Target cells for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in intestinal tract, stomach, kidney, skin, pituitary, and parathyroid. Science 1979 Dec 7;206(4423):1188-90.

2.2.2 Pfeifer M, Begerow B, Minne HW. Vitamin D and muscle function. Osteoporos Int 2002 Mar;13(3):187-94.

2.3.1 Veldman CM, Cantorna MT, DeLuca HF. Expression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) receptor in the immune system. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000 Feb 15;374(2):334-8.

2.3.2 Terrence F. Meehan, Hector F. DeLuca. The vitamin D receptor is necessary for 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002 Dec 15;408(2):200-4.

2.3.3 Rigby WF, Denome S, Fanger MW. Regulation of lymphokine production and human T lymphocyte activation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Specific inhibition at the level of messenger RNA. J Clin Invest 1987 Jun;79(6):1659-64.

2.3.4 Reichel H, Koeffler HP, Tobler A, Norman AW. 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits gamma-interferon synthesis by normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987 May;84(10):3385-9.

2.3.5          Margherita T Cantorna, William D. Woodward, Colleen E. Hayes, and Hector F. DeLuca. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ is a Positiv Regulator for the Two Anti-Encephalitogenic Cytokines TGF-β1 and IL-4. J. Immunol. 160:5314-19,1998.

2.3,6 Pfeifer M, Begerow B, Minne HW. Vitamin D and muscle function. Osteoporos Int 2002 Mar;13(3):187-94.

3.01 Miller BE, Norman AW. Vitamin D, Machlin LJ (eds): Handbook of vitamins, 1984.

3.0.2 Veterinær- og Fødevaredirektoratet. Publikation nr. 246, 1998. Vitamin D, Bør forsyningen i den danske befolkning bedres?

3.0.3 Nordisk Ministerråd. Nordiske Næringsrekommendationer 1996. København: Nordisk Forlagshus, 1996.

3.1.1 Jacobus CH, Holick MF, Shao Q, Chen TC, Holm IA, Kolodny JM, Fuleihan GE, Seely EW. Hypervitaminosis D associated with drinking milk. : N Engl J Med 1992 Apr 30;326(18):1173-7.

3.1.2 Scanlon KS, Blank S, Sinks T, Lett S, Mueller P, Freedman DS, Serdula M, Falk H. Subclinical health effects in a population exposed to excess vitamin D in milk. Am J Public Health 1995 Oct;85(10):1418-22.

3.1.3 Blank S, Scanlon KS, Sinks TH, Lett S, Falk H. An outbreak of hypervitaminosis D associated with the overfortification of milk from a home-delivery dairy. : Am J Public Health 1995 May;85(5):656-9
3.2.1 British Pediatric Assosciation. Hypercalcemia in infants and vitamin D. BMJ 1956;2:149.

3.1.4 Seelig MS. Vitamin D and cardiovascular, renal, and brain damage in infancy and childhood. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1969 Sep 26;147(15):539-82.

3.2.1 British Paediatric Association. Hypercalcaemia in infants and Vitamin D. British Medical Journal 1956, July 21:149.

3.2.2 Ligtwood R. Idiopatic hypercalsaimia with failure to thrive: neprocalcenossis. Proc. R Soc Med 1952;45:401.

3.2.3 Hesse V, Siebenhuner M, Plenert W, Markestad T, Aksnes L, Aarskog D. [Evaluation of vitamin D "interval administration" for the prevention of rickets in infancy] Kinderarztl Prax 1985 Aug;53(8):383-93.

3.3 Jeans PC, Stearns G. The effect of vitamin D on linear growth in infancy. II. The effect of intakes above 1800USP unit daily. J Pediatr 1938;13:730-40.

3.4 Byrne PM, Freaney R, McKenna MJ. Vitamin D supplementation in the elderly: review of safety and effectiveness of different regimes. : Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Jun;56(6):518-20.

3.5 Heikkinen AM, Tuppurainen MT, Niskanen L, Komulainen M, Penttila I, Saarikoski S. Long-term vitamin D3 supplementation may have adverse effects on serum lipids during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. : Eur J Endocrinol 1997 Nov;137(5):495-502.

3.6                 Heikinheimo RJ, Inkovaara JA, Harju EJ, Haavisto MV, Kaarela RH, Kataja JM, Kokko AM, Kolho LA, Rajala SA. Annual injection of vitamin D and fractures of aged bones. Calcif Tissue Int 1992 Aug;51(2):105-10.

3.7                 Adams JS, Lee G. Gains in bone mineral density with resolution of vitamin D intoxication. Ann Intern Med 1997 Aug 1;127(3):203-6.

3.8 S. Rajasree, K. Rajpal, C.C. Kartha, P.S. Sarma, V. Raman Kutty, C.S.P. Iyer, G.Girija. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ levels are elevated in South Indian patients with ischemic heart disease.

3.10.1 Reinhold Vieth. Vitamin D Nutrition and its Potential Health Benefits for

Bone, Cancer and Other Conditions. Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine (2001) 11, 275– 291.

3.10.2 Vieth Reinhold. Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety. Am J Clin Nutr 1999 May; 69(5): 842-56.

3.10.3 Jones G, Byrnes B, Palma F, Segev D, Mazur Y. Displacement

potency of vitamin D 2 analogs in competitive protein-binding assays

for 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 , 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , and

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 . J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980;50:773–5.

3.10.4 Hollis BW, Frank NE. Quantitation of vitamin D 2 , vitamin D 3 ,

25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 , and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 in human milk.

Methods Enzymol 1986;123:167–76.

3.10.5 Nilsson SF, Ostberg L, Peterson PA. Binding of vitamin D to its

human carrier plasma protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972;

46:1380–7.

3.10.6     Holmberg I, Berlin T, Ewerth S, Bjorkhem I. 25-Hydroxylase activity in subcellular fractions from human liver. Evidence for different rates of mitochondrial hydroxylation of vitamin D2 and D3. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1986 Dec;46(8):785-90.

3.10.7 Mawer EB, Jones G, Davies M, et al. Unique 24-hydroxylated

metabolites represent a significant pathway of metabolism of vita-min

D 2 in humans: 24-hydroxyvitamin D 2 and 1,24-dihydroxyvita-min

D 2 detectable in human serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;

83:2156–66.

3,10.8 Bell NH. Renal and nonrenal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylases and their clinical significance. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Mar;13(3):350-3.

3.10.9 Lockefeer JH. Vitamin D poisoning; real and spurious. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1990 Oct 6;134(40):1931-4.

3.10.10 Karmali R, Barker S, Hewison M, Fraher L, Katz DR, O'Riordan JL. Intermittent hypercalcaemia and vitamin D sensitivity in Hodgkin's disease. Postgrad Med J 1990 Sep;66(779):757-60.

3.10.11 Narang NK, Gupta RC, Jain MK. Role of vitamin D in pulmonary tuberculosis. J Assoc Physicians India 1984 Feb;32(2):185-8.

3.10.12  Vieth R, Kimball S, Hu A, Walfish PG.Randomized comparison of the effects of the vitamin D3 adequate intake versus 100 mcg (4000 IU) per day on biochemical responses and the wellbeing of patients. Nutr J. 2004 Jul 19;3(1):8. 

3.11.1. Danmarks Fødevare- og Veterinærforskning: D-vitaminstatus i den danske befolkning bør forbedres. 2004.

3. 11.2   The European Commission: Scientific Committee on Food: Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of Vitamin D (expressed on 4 December 2002).

3.11.3 Stamp TC, Haddad JG, Twigg CA. Comparison of oral 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, vitamin D, and ultraviolet light as determinants of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Lancet. 1977 Jun 25;1(8026):1341-3.

4.1 Park EA. The therapy of rickets.JAMA 1940;115:370-9.

4.2 Trang H, Cole DE, Rubin LA, Pierratos A, Siu S, Vieth R. Evidence that vitamin D 3 increases           serum  25-hydroxyvitamin D more efficiently than does vitamin D 2 . Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:854–48.

4.3    Tjellesen L, Hummer L, Christiansen C, Rodbro P. Serum concentration of vitamin D metabolites during treatment with vitamin D2 and D3 in normal premenopausal women. Bone Miner. 1986 Oct;1(5):407-13.

5.1.1 Dawson-Hughes B. Calcium and vitamin D nutritional needs of elderly women.

J Nutr 1996 Apr;126(4 Suppl):1165S-7S.

5.1.2          Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F, Brun J, Crouzet B, Arnaud S, Delmas PD, Meunier PJ. Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in the elderly women. N Engl J Med 1992 Dec 3;327(23):1637-42.

5.1.3          Nisbet JA, Eastwood JB, Colston KW, Ang L, Flanagan AM, Chambers TJ, Maxwell JD. Detection of osteomalacia in British Asians: a comparison of clinical score with biochemical measurements. Clin Sci (Lond) 1990 Apr;78(4):383-9.

5.1.4          Glerup H, Mikkelsen K, Poulsen L, Hass E, Overbeck S, Thomsen J, Charles P, Eriksen EF. Commonly recommended daily intake of vitamin D is not sufficient if sunlight exposure is limited. J Intern Med 2000 Feb;247(2):260-8.

5.1.5          M.-C. Chapuy, P.Presiosi, M. Maamer, S.Arnaud, P. Galan, S.Hercberg, P.J. Meunier. Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency in an Adult Normal Population. Osteporosis Int (1997) 7:439-43

5.1.6 Brot C, Vestergaard P, Kolthoff N, Gram J, Hermann AP, Sørensen OH. Vitamin D status and its adequacy in healthy Danish perimenopausal women: relationships to dietary intake, sun exposure and serum parathyroid hormone. Br J Nutr 2001 Aug;86 Suppl 1:S97-103.

5.1.7 Reinhold Vieth, Pak-Cheung R Chan, and Gordon D MacFarla. Efficacy and safety of vitamin D 3 intake exceeding the lowest observed adverse effect level. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73: 288–94 .

5.1.8          Trivedi DP, Doll R, Khaw KT. Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind controlled trial. BMJ 2003 Mar 1;326(7387):469.

5.2 Krall EA, Wehler C, Garcia RI, Harris SS, Dawson-Hughes B. Calcium and vitamin D supplements reduce tooth loss in the elderly. Am J Med 2001 Oct.

5.3.1 Glerup H, Mikkelsen K, Poulsen L, Hass E, Overbeck S, Andersen H, Charles P, Eriksen EF. Hypovitaminosis D myopathy without biochemical signs of osteomalacic bone involvement. Calcif Tissue Int 2000 Jun;66(6):419-24.

5.3.2 Vieth Reinhold. Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety. Am J Clin Nutr 1999 May; 69(5): 842-56.

5.3.3 Pfeifer M, Begerow B, Minne HW. Vitamin D and muscle function. Osteoporos Int 2002 Mar;13(3):187-94.

5.4.          Glerup H, Eriksen EF. Acroparaesthesia--a typical finding in vitamin D deficiency. Rheumatology (Oxford) 1999 May;38(5):482.

5.5.          Baynes KC, Boucher BJ, Feskens EJ, Kromhout D. Vitamin D, glucose tolerance and insulinaemia in elderly men. Diabetologia. 1997 Mar;40(3):344-7.

6.1.1 Mathieu C, Laureys J, Sobis H, Vandeputte M, Waer M, Bouillon R. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 prevents insulitis in NOD mice. Diabetes 1992 Nov;41(11):1491-5.

6.1.2          Chang TJ, Lei HH, Yeh JI, Chiu KC, Lee KC, Chen MC, Tai TY, Chuang LM Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms influence susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Taiwanese population. : Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000 May;52(5):575-80.

6.1.3 L.C. Stene, J.Ulrksen, P.Magnus, G.Jones. Use of codliver oil during pregnancy associated with lower risk of Type 1 diabetes in the offspring. Diabetologa 2000 43:1093-1098.

6.1.4.1 The EURODIAB Substudy 2 Study Group. Vitamin D supplement in early childhood and risk for Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1999 Jan;42(1):51-4.

6.1.4,2 Hypponen E, Laara E, Reunanen A, Jarvelin MR, Virtanen SM. Intake of vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes: a birth-cohort study. Lancet 2001 Nov 3;358(9292):1500-3.

6.1.5 Giancarlo Isaia, MD, Ruben Giorgino, MD, PHD and Silvano Adami, MD. High Prevalene of Hypovitaminosis D in Female Type 2 Diabetic Population. Diabetes Care 24:1496, 2001.

6.1.6 Piet H. Jongbloet, Hans M.M. Groenewould, Remy A. Hrasing, Stef Van Buuren. Seasonality of Birth Childhood Diabetes in The Netherlands. Diabetes Care. 21:190-1, 1998.

6.1.7.1 Fleegler FM, Rogers KD, Drash A, Rosenbloom AL, Travis LB, Court JM. Age, sex, and season of onset of juvenile diabetes in different geographic areas. Pediatrics 1979 Mar;63(3):374-9.

6.1.7.2 Brot C, Vestergaard P, Kolthoff N, Gram J, Hermann AP, Sørensen OH. Vitamin D status and its adequacy in healthy Danish perimenopausal women: relationships to dietary intake, sun exposure and serum parathyroid hormone. Br J Nutr 2001 Aug;86 Suppl 1:S97-103.

6.2.1.1           Esparza ML, Sasaki S, Kesteloot H. Nutrition, latitude, and multiple sclerosis mortality: an ecologic study. : Am J Epidemiol 1995 Oct 1;142(7):733-7.

6.2.1.2           Kurtzke JF. On the fine structure of the distribution of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neorol Scand 43:257-282, 1967

6.2.1.3 Freedman DM, Dosemeci M, Alavanja MC. Mortality from multiple sclerosis and exposure to residential and occupational solar radiation: a case-control study based on death certificates. Occup Environ Med 2000 Jun;57(6):418-21-

6.2.2.1 R. Wutrich , H. P. Rieder. The Seasonal Incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Swizerland. Europ. Neurol 1970; 3: 257-264

6.2.2.2. Embry AF, Snowdon LR, Vieth R. Vitamin D and seasonal fluctuations of gadolinium-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2000 Aug; 48(2):271-2.

6.2.3.1 Nieves J, Cosman F, Herbert J, Shen V, Lindsay R. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mass in multiple scler..

6.2.3.2 Cosman F, Nieves J, Komar L, Ferrer G, Herbert J, Formica C, Shen V, Lindsay R. Fracture history and bone loss in patients with MS. Neurology 1998 Oct; 51(4): 1161-5.osis. Neurology 1994 Sep; 44(9): 1687-92

6.2.4.1 Jacques M, Lemire, D. Clay Archer. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ Prevent the Vivo Induction of Murin Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

6.2.4.2 Cantorna MT, Hayes CE, DeLuca HF. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 reversibly blocks the progression of relapsing encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996 Jul 23; 93(15): 7861-4.

6.2.4.3 Cantorna MT, Humpal-Winter J, DeLuca HF. Dietary calcium is a major factor in 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. J Nutr 1999 Nov;129(11):1966-71.

6.2.4.4           Cantorna MT, Woodward WD, Hayes CE, DeLuca HF. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a positive regulator for the two anti-encephalitogenic cytokines TGF-beta 1 and IL-4. J Immunol 1998 Jun 1; 160(11): 5314-9.

6.2.5.1           Goldberg P, Fleming MC, Picard EH. Multiple sclerosis; decreased relapse rate through dietary supplementation with calcium, magnesium and vitamin D. Med Hypotheses 1986 Oct; 21(2): 193-200.

6.2.5.2           Nordvik I, Myhrn KM, Nyland H, Bjerve KS. Effect of dietary advice and n-3 supplementation in newly diagnosed MS patients. Acta Neurol Scand 2000 Sep; 102(3): 143-9.

6.2.5.3. Roy L Swank, MD, PHD, and Aagot Grimsgaard. Multiple sclerosis: the lipid relationship. AM J Clin Nutr 1988;48:1387-93.

6.2.6.     Munger KL, Zhang SM, O'Reilly E, Hernan MA, Olek MJ, Willett WC, Ascherio A.Vitamin D intake and incidence of multiple sclerosis.Neurology. 2004 Jan 13;62(1):60-5

6.3.1 Cantorna MT, Hayes CE, DeLuca HF. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol inhibits the progression of arthritis in murine models of human arthritis. J Nutr 1998 Jan;128(1):68-72

6.3.2.1 Lund B, Storm TL, Lund B, Melsen F, Mosekilde L, Andersen RB, Egmose C, Sorensen OH. Bone mineral loss, bone histomorphometry and vitamin D metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on long-term glucocorticoid treatment. Clin Rheumatol 1985 Jun;4(2):143-9.

6.3.2.2 van Soesbergen RM, Lips P, van den Ende A, van der Korst JK. Bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis compared with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Ann Rheum Dis 1986 Feb;45(2):149-55.

6.3.2.3 Kroger H, Penttila IM, Alhava EM. Low serum vitamin D metabolites in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1993;22(4):172-7.

6.3.2.4 Oelzner P, Muller A, Deschner F, Huller M, Abendroth K, Hein G, Stein G. Relationship between disease activity and serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and PTH in rheumatoid arthritis. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Mar;62(3):193-8.

6.3.2.5 Als OS, Riis B, Christiansen C. Serum concentration of vitamin D metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 1987 Jun;6(2):238-43.

6.3.2.6 Hillman L, Cassidy JT, Johnson L, Lee D, Allen SH. . Vitamin D metabolism and bone mineralization in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Pediatr 1994 Jun;124(6):910-6.

6.3.2.7 Perez-Edo L, Diez-Perez A, Marinoso L, Valles A, Serrano S, Carbonell J. Bone metabolism and histomorphometric changes in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2002;31(5):285.

6.3.4.1 Huckins D, Felson DT, Holick M. Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: a pilot study. Arthritis Rheum 1990 Nov;33(11):1723-7.

6.3.4.2 Andjelkovic Z, Vojinovic J, Pejnovic N, Popovic M, Dujic A, Mitrovic D, Pavlica L, Stefanovic D. Disease modifying and immunomodulatory effects of high dose 1 alpha (OH) D3 in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1999 Jul-Aug;17(4):453-6.

6.4.1.1 Stumpf WE, Sar M, Reid FA, Tanaka Y, DeLuca HF. Target cells for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in intestinal tract, stomach, kidney, skin, pituitary, and parathyroid. Science 1979 Dec 7;206(4423):1188-90.

6.4.1.2 Clemens TL, Adams JS, Horiuchi N, Gilchrest BA, Cho H, Tsuchiya Y, Matsuo N, Suda T, Holick MF Interaction of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 with keratinocytes and fibroblasts from skin of normal subjects and a subject with vitamin-D-dependent rickets, type II: a model for study of the mode of action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983 Apr;56(4):824-30.

6.4.1.3. Smith EL, Pincus SH, Donovan L, Holick MF. A novel approach for the evaluation and treatment of psoriasis. Oral or topical use of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can be a safe and effective therapy for psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988 Sep;19(3):516-28.

6.4.2      Saeki H, Asano N, Tsunemi Y, Takekoshi T, Kishimoto M, Mitsui H, Tada Y, Torii H, Komine M, Asahina A, Tamaki K. Polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene in Japanese patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Dermatol Sci 2002 Nov;30(2):167-71.

6.4.3      6.4.3 Parrish JA, Jaenicke KF. Action spectrum for phototherapy of psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 1981 May;76(5):359-62

6.4.4 Kragballe K. Vitamin D and UVB radiation therapy. Cutis 2002 Nov;70(5 Suppl):9-12.

6.4.5 A. Peres, T.C.Chen, A. Turner, R. Raab, J. Bhawan, P. Poche, M.F.Holick. Efficacy and safety of topical calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃). British Journal of Dermatology 1996; 134: 238-46.

6.4.6.1. Smith EL, Pincus SH, Donovan L, Holick MF. A novel approach for the evaluation and treatment of psoriasis. Oral or topical use of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can be a safe and effective therapy for psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988 Sep;19(3):516-28.

6.4.6.2 A. Peres, R. Raab, T.C. Chen, A. Turner, M.F.Holick. Safety and efficacy of oral calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃) for the treatment of psoriasis. British Journal of Dermatology 1996;134: 1070-78.

7.1.1 Lointier P, Wargovich MJ, Saez S, Levin B, Wildrick DM, Boman BM. The role of vitamin D3 in the proliferation of a human colon cancer cell line in vitro. Anticancer Res 1987 Jul-Aug;7(4B):817-21.

7.1.2 Pence BC, Buddingh F. Inhibition of dietary fat-promoted colon carcinogenesis in rats by supplemental calcium or vitamin D3. Carcinogenesis 1988 Jan;9(1):187-90.

7.1.3 Llor X, Jacoby RF, Teng BB, Davidson NO, Sitrin MD, Brasitus TA. K-ras mutations in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic tumors: effects of supplemental dietary calcium and vitamin D deficiency. Cancer Res 1991 Aug 15;51(16):4305-9

7.1.4 McSherry CK, Cohen BI, Bokkenheuser VD, Mosbach EH, Winter J, Matoba N, Scholes J. Effects of calcium and bile acid feeding on colon tumors in the rat. : Cancer Res 1989 Nov 1;49(21):6039-43.

7.1.5 Kawaura A, Takahashi A, Tanida N, Oda M, Sawada K, Sawada Y, Maekawa S, Shimoyama T. 1 Alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 suppresses colonic tumorigenesis induced by repetitive intrarectal injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in rats. Cancer Lett 1990 Dec 3;55(2):149-52.

7.1.6    Skowronski RJ, Peehl DM, Feldman D. Vitamin D and prostate cancer: 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors and actions in human prostate cancer cell lines. Endocrinology 1993 May;132(5):1952-60.

7.1.7 Miller GJ, Stapleton GE, Hedlund TE, Moffat KA. Vitamin D receptor expression, 24-hydroxylase activity, and inhibition of growth by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in seven human prostatic carcinoma cell lines. Clin Cancer Res 1995 Sep;1(9):997-1003. 

7.1.8     Chen TC, Wang L, Whitlatch LW, Flanagan JN, Holick MF. Prostatic 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase and its implication in prostate cancer. : J Cell Biochem 2003;88(2):315-22.

7.1.9 Peehl DM, Skowronski RJ, Leung GK, Wong ST, Stamey TA, Feldman D. Antiproliferative effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on primary cultures of human prostatic cells. Cancer Res 1994 Feb 1;54(3):805-10.

7.1.10 Feldman D, Skowronski RJ, Peehl DM. Vitamin D and prostate cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 1995;375:53-63.

7.1.11  Oades GM, Dredge K, Kirby RS, Colston KW. Vitamin D receptor-dependent antitumour effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and two synthetic analogues in three in vivo models of prostate cancer. : BJU Int 2002 Oct;90(6):607-16.

7.1.12 Schwartz GG, Wang MH, Zang M, Singh RK, Siegal GP. 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) inhibits the invasiveness of human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 Sep;6(9):727-32.

7.1.13 Vegesna V, O'Kelly J, Said J, Uskokovic M, Binderup L, Koeffle HP. Ability of potent vitamin D3 analogs to inhibit growth of prostate cancer cells in vivo. Anticancer Res 2003 Jan-Feb;23(1A):283-9. 

7.2.1 Garland C, Shekelle RB, Barrett-Connor E, Criqui MH, Rossof AH, Paul O. Dietary vitamin D and calcium and risk of colorectal cancer: a 19-year prospective study in men. Lancet 1985 Feb 9;1(8424):307-9.

7.2.2 Martinez ME, Giovannucci EL, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Hunter DJ, Speizer FE, Wing A, Willett WC. Calcium, vitamin D, and the occurrence of colorectal cancer among women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996 Oct 2;88(19):1375-82.

7.2.3      Bostick RM, Potter JD, Sellers TA, McKenzie DR, Kushi LH, Folsom AR. Relation of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy food intake to incidence of colon cancer among older women. The Iowa Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 1993 Jun 15;137(12):1302-17.

7.2.4      Kearney J, Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Ascherio A, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Wing A, Kampman E, Willett WC. Calcium, vitamin D, and dairy foods and the occurrence of colon cancer in men. Am J Epidemiol 1996 May 1;143(9):907-17.

7.2.5 Shin MH, Holmes MD, Hankinson SE, Wu K, Colditz GA, Willett WC. Intake of dairy products, calcium, and vitamin d and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002 Sep 4;94(17):1301-11.

7.2.6 Barger-Lux MJ, Heaney RP. Effects of above average summer sun exposure on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and calcium absorption. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002 Nov;87(11):4952-6.

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